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On a binary document image authentication watermarking technique based on hierarchical structures. (Chinese. English summary) Zbl 1174.68747

Summary: A concept of Pixel Spread Deviation (PSD) is defined to measure the “flippability” of the pixels in binary document images, and a corresponding fragile watermarking technique for image authentication and ownership verification is proposed. According to the hierarchical structure, we divide the image into blocks in a multi-level hierarchy, then calculate and embed the block watermarks in each hierarchy level, respectively. The pixels in the image are divided into two groups determined by PSD: one is “the pixels that can be flipped” and the other is “the pixels that cannot be flipped”. The values of the pixels that cannot be flipped are mapped into the initial value of the chaotic system, and then the watermark can be obtained by iterating the chaotic system from the initial value. The pixels that can be flipped are substituted by the watermark to obtain the watermarked image. Experimental results show the imperceptibility of the watermarking process, the effective protection of the uniform regions in the binary image, and the successful detection and localization of content modifications with multi-level authentication.

MSC:

68U10 Computing methodologies for image processing
94A08 Image processing (compression, reconstruction, etc.) in information and communication theory
37D45 Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics of systems with hyperbolic behavior
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