Pavšelj, Nataša; Miklavčič, Damijan Resistive heating and electropermeabilization of skin tissue during in vivo electroporation: a coupled nonlinear finite element model. (English) Zbl 1217.80076 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 54, No. 11-12, 2294-2302 (2011). Summary: The use of electric pulses to increase cell membrane permeability – electroporation – has, among other applications also been used on skin for (a) enhanced transdermal molecular delivery or (b) the delivery of drugs or DNA into viable skin cells. Based on finite element numerical method, we theoretically described skin electropermeabilization and the amount of heating in and around an electrically created pore in the stratum corneum (SC). With the model, we address both, electrical as well as thermal effects on skin tissue, specifically for electrode design and pulse protocols we used for gene electrotransfer in vivo (already published results), where plasmid DNA was injected intradermally with a syringe and external plate electrodes were used for pulse delivery. Theoretical results obtained with the model show no significant further thermal expansion of the aqueous pore for our specific pulse protocol (one short high voltage pulse: 400 V, \(100 \mu s \) + one longer low voltage pulse: 80 V, 400 ms), as well as no thermal damage to the tissue. With some modifications to the protocol, electroporation could be used to (a) create pores in the SC through which to transport the DNA, and then (b) introduce the DNA into viable skin cells. Cited in 2 Documents MSC: 80A20 Heat and mass transfer, heat flow (MSC2010) 78A70 Biological applications of optics and electromagnetic theory 92C50 Medical applications (general) 80M10 Finite element, Galerkin and related methods applied to problems in thermodynamics and heat transfer Keywords:skin electroporation; thermal effects; nonlinear tissue changes; local transport regions; numerical modeling PDFBibTeX XMLCite \textit{N. Pavšelj} and \textit{D. Miklavčič}, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 54, No. 11--12, 2294--2302 (2011; Zbl 1217.80076) Full Text: DOI References: [1] Sersa, G.; Miklavcic, D.; Cemazar, M.; Rudolf, Z.; Pucihar, G.; Snoj, M.: Electrochemotherapy in treatment of tumours, Ejso 34, 232-240 (2008) [2] Mir, L.: Nucleic acids electrotransfer-based gene therapy (electrogenetherapy): past, current, and future, Mol. biotechnol. 43, 167-176 (2009) [3] Escoffre, J.; Portet, T.; Wasungu, L.; Teissie, J.; Dean, D.; Rols, M.: What is (still not) known of the mechanism by which electroporation mediates gene transfer and expression in cells and tissues, Mol. biotechnol. 41, 286-295 (2009) [4] Escobar-Chavez, J.; Bonilla-Martinez, D.; Villegas-Gonzalez, M.; Revilla-Vazquez, A.: Electroporation as an efficient physical enhancer for skin drug delivery, J. clin. Pharmacol. 49, 1262-1283 (2009) [5] Davalos, R.; Mir, L.; Rubinsky, B.: Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation, Annal. biomed. Eng. 33, 223-231 (2005) [6] Ramos, C.; Teissie, J.: Electrofusion: a biophysical modification of cell membrane and a mechanism in exocytosis, Biochimie 82, 511-518 (2000) [7] Hannaman, D.: Electroporation for DNA immunization: clinical application, Exp. rev. Vaccines 9, 503-517 (2010) [8] Gothelf, A.; Eriksen, J.; Hojman, P.; Gehl, J.: Duration and level of transgene expression after gene electrotransfer to skin in mice, Gene therapy (2010) [9] Pavselj, N.; Preat, V.: DNA electrotransfer into the skin using a combination of one high- and one low-voltage pulse, J. control. Release 106, 407-415 (2005) [10] Satkauskas, S.; Bureau, M.; Puc, M.; Mahfoudi, A.; Scherman, D.; Miklavcic, D.: Mechanisms of in vitro DNA electrotransfer: respective contributions of cell electropermeabilization and DNA electrophoresis, Mol. therapy 5, 133-140 (2002) [11] Kanduser, M.; Miklavcic, D.; Pavlin, M.: Mechanisms involved in gene electrotransfer using high-and low-voltage pulses – an in vitro study, Bioelectrochemistry 74, 265-271 (2009) [12] Pliquett, U. F.; Vanbever, R.; Preat, V.; Weaver, J. C.: Local transport regions (LTRs) in human stratum corneum due to long and short ’high voltage’ pulses, Bioelectrochem. bioenerg. 47, 151-161 (1998) [13] Pliquett, U.; Gusbeth, C.: Surface area involved in transdermal transport of charged species due to skin electroporation, Bioelectrochemistry 65, 27-32 (2004) [14] Vanbever, R.; Pliquett, U. F.; Preat, V.; Weaver, J. C.: Comparison of the effects of short, high-voltage and long, medium-voltage pulses on skin electrical and transport properties, J. control. Release 69, 35-47 (1999) [15] Weaver, J. C.; Vaughan, T. E.; Chizmadzhev, Y. A.: Theory of electrical creation of aqueous pathways across skin transport barriers, Adv. drug delivery rev. 35, 21-39 (1999) [16] Pliquett, U.: Mechanistic studies of molecular transdermal transport due to skin electroporation, Adv. drug delivery rev. 35, 41-60 (1999) [17] Gothelf, A.; Gehl, J.: Gene electrotransfer to skin; review of existing literature and clinical perspectives, Curr. gene therapy 10, 287-299 (2010) [18] Davalos, R. V.; Rubinsky, B.; Mir, L. M.: Theoretical analysis of the thermal effects during in vivo tissue electroporation, Bioelectrochemistry 61, 99-107 (2003) [19] Davalos, R. V.; Rubinsky, B.: Temperature considerations during irreversible electroporation, Int. J. Heat mass transfer 51, 5617-5622 (2008) · Zbl 1151.80303 [20] Lacković, I.; Magjarević, R.: Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of joule heating in electrochemotherapy and in vivo gene electrotransfer, IEEE trans. Dielectr. electr. Insul. 16, 1339 (2009) [21] Pliquett, U.: Joule heating during solid tissue electroporation, Med. biol. Eng. comput. 41, 215-219 (2003) [22] Daniels, C.; Rubinsky, B.: Electrical field and temperature model of nonthermal irreversible electroporation in heterogeneous tissues, J. biomech. Eng. 131, 071006 (2009) [23] Pavselj, N.; Miklavcic, D.: Numerical modeling in electroporation-based biomedical applications, Radiol. oncol. 42, 159-168 (2008) [24] Miklavcic, D.; Corovic, S.; Pucihar, G.; Pavselj, N.: Importance of tumour coverage by sufficiently high local electric field for effective electrochemotherapy, EJC suppl. 4, 45-51 (2006) [25] Zupanic, A.; Corovic, S.; Miklavcic, D.: Optimization of electrode position and electric pulse amplitude in electrochemotherapy, Radiol. oncol. 42, 93-101 (2008) [26] Miklavcic, D.; Snoj, M.; Zupanic, A.; Kos, B.; Cemazar, M.; Kropivnik, M.: Towards treatment planning and treatment of deep-seated solid tumors by electrochemotherapy, Biomed. eng. 9 (2010) [27] Pavselj, N.; Preat, V.; Miklavcic, D.: A numerical model of skin electropermeabilization based on in vivo experiments, Annal. biomed. Eng. 35, 2138-2144 (2007) [28] Pavselj, N.; Miklavcic, D.: Numerical models of skin electropermeabilization taking into account conductivity changes and the presence of local transport regions, IEEE trans. Plasma sci. 36, 1650-1658 (2008) [29] Pavselj, N.; Miklavcic, D.: A numerical model of permeabilized skin with local transport regions, IEEE trans. Biomed. eng. 55, 1927-1930 (2008) [30] Martin, G. T.; Pliquett, U. F.; Weaver, J. C.: Theoretical analysis of localized heating in human skin subjected to high voltage pulses, Bioelectrochemistry 57, 55-64 (2002) [31] Pliquett, U.; Gusbeth, C.; Nuccitelli, R.: A propagating heat wave model of skin electroporation, J. theor. Biol. 251, 195-201 (2008) · Zbl 06948786 [32] Becker, S. M.; Kunetsov, A. V.: Local temperature rises influence in vivo electroporation pore development: a numerical stratum corneum lipid phase transition model, J. biomech. Eng. – trans. ASME 129, 712-721 (2007) [33] Becker, S. M.; Kuznetsov, A. V.: Thermal damage reduction associated with in vivo skin electroporation: a numerical investigation justifying aggressive pre-cooling, Int. J. Heat mass transfer 50, 105-116 (2007) · Zbl 1104.80003 [34] Becker, S. M.; Kuznetsov, A. V.: Thermal in vivo skin electroporation pore development and charged macromolecule transdermal delivery: a numerical study of the influence of chemically enhanced lower lipid phase transition temperatures, Int. J. Heat mass transfer 51, 2060-2074 (2008) · Zbl 1140.80310 [35] Pennes, H. H.: Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm, J. appl. Physiol. 1, 93 (1948) [36] Sersa, G.; Jarm, T.; Kotnik, T.; Coer, A.; Podkrajsek, M.; Sentjurc, M.: Vascular disrupting action of electroporation and electrochemotherapy with bleomycin in murine sarcoma, Brit. J. Cancer 98, 388-398 (2008) [37] Sersa, G.; Cemazar, M.; Parkins, C. S.; Chaplin, D. J.: Tumour blood flow changes induced by application of electric pulses, Eur. J. Cancer 35, 672-677 (1999) [38] Jarm, T.; Cemazar, M.; Miklavcic, D.; Sersa, G.: Antivascular effects of electrochemotherapy: implications in treatment of bleeding metastases, Exp. rev. Anticancer therapy 10, 729-746 (2010) [39] Golden, G.; Guzek, D.; Kennedy, A.; Mckie, J.; Potts, R.: Stratum – corneum lipid phase-transitions and water barrier properties, Biochemistry 26, 2382-2388 (1987) [40] Al-Saidan, S. M.; Barry, B. W.; Williams, A. C.: Differential scanning calorimetry of human and animal stratum corneum membranes, Int. J. Pharmaceutics 168, 17-22 (1998) [41] Tanojo, H.; Bouwstra, J. A.; Junginger, H. E.; Boddé, H. E.: Thermal analysis studies on human skin and skin barrier modulation by fatty acids and propylene glycol, J. therm. Anal. calorim. 57, 313-322 (1999) [42] Silva, C.; Nunes, S.; Eusébio, M.; Pais, A.; Sousa, J.: Thermal behaviour of human stratum corneum, Skin pharmacol. Physiol. 19, 132-139 (2006) [43] Silva, C. L.; Nunes, S. C. C.; Eusébio, M. E. S.; Sousa, J. J. S.; Pais, A.: Study of human stratum corneum and extracted lipids by thermomicroscopy and DSC, Chem. phys. Lipids 140, 36-47 (2006) [44] Duck, F. A.: Physical properties of tissue: A comprehensive reference book, (1990) [45] Gabriel, C.; Gabriel, S.; Corthout, E.: The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey, Phys. med. Biol. 41, 2231-2249 (1996) [46] Gabriel, S.; Lau, R. W.; Gabriel, C.: The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10Hz to 20GHz, Phys. med. Biol. 41, 2251-2269 (2004) [47] Pliquett, U.; Langer, R.; Weaver, J. C.: Changes in the passive electrical properties of human stratum corneum due to electroporation, Biochim. biophys. Acta 1239, 111-121 (1995) [48] Yamamoto, T.; Yamamoto, Y.: Dielectric constant and resistivity of epidermal stratum corenum, Med. biol. Eng. 14, 494-499 (1976) [49] Yamamoto, T.; Yamamoto, Y.: Electrical properties of the epidermal stratum corneum, Med. biol. Eng. 14, 151-158 (1976) [50] Gowrishankar, T. R.; Stewart, D. A.; Martin, G. T.; Weaver, J. C.: Transport lattice models of heat transport in skin with spatially heterogeneous, temperature-dependent perfusion, Biomed. eng. 3, 42 (2004) [51] Bellia, S. A.; Saidane, A.; Benzohra, M.; Saiter, J. M.; Hamou, A.: Dimensional soft tissue thermal injury analysis using transmission line matrix (TLM) method, Int. J. Numer. model. 21, 531-549 (2008) · Zbl 1154.80002 [52] Bellia, S. Aliouat; Saidane, A.; Hamou, A.; Benzohra, M.; Saiter, J. M.: Transmission line matrix modelling of thermal injuries to skin, Burns 34, 688-697 (2008) · Zbl 1154.80002 [53] Gasperin, M.; Juricic, Š.: The uncertainty in burn prediction as a result of variable skin parameters: an experimental evaluation of burn-protective outfits, Burns 35, 970-982 (2009) [54] Haemmerich, D.; Santos, I.; Schutt, D. J.; Webster, J. G.; Mahvi, D. M.: In vitro measurements of temperature-dependent specific heat of liver tissue, Med. eng. Phys. 28, 194-197 (2006) [55] Haemmerich, D.; Schutt, D. J.; Santos, I.; Webster, J. G.; Mahvi, D. M.: Measurement of temperature-dependent specific heat of biological tissues, Physiol. measur. 26, 59-67 (2005) [56] Bhattacharya, A.; Mahajan, R. L.: Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of biological tissues, Physiol. measur. 24, 769-783 (2003) This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.