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Convex polygons in Cartesian products. (English) Zbl 1466.52003

Summary: We study several problems concerning convex polygons whose vertices lie in a Cartesian product of two sets of \(n\) real numbers (for short, grid). First, we prove that every such grid contains \(\Omega(\log n)\) points in convex position and that this bound is tight up to a constant factor. We generalize this result to \(d\) dimensions (for a fixed \(d\in\mathbb{N})\), and obtain a tight lower bound of \(\Omega(\log^{d-1}n)\) for the maximum number of points in convex position in a \(d\)-dimensional grid. Second, we present polynomial-time algorithms for computing the longest \(x\)- or \(y\)-monotone convex polygonal chain in a grid that contains no two points with the same \(x\)- or \(y\)-coordinate. We show that the maximum size of a convex polygon with such unique coordinates can be efficiently approximated up to a factor of 2. Finally, we present exponential bounds on the maximum number of point sets in convex position in such grids, and for some restricted variants. These bounds are tight up to polynomial factors.

MSC:

52A10 Convex sets in \(2\) dimensions (including convex curves)
68U05 Computer graphics; computational geometry (digital and algorithmic aspects)
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