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On the Chern numbers of a smooth threefold. (English) Zbl 1430.14039
A question asked by Hirzebruch is: Which linear combinations of Chern numbers on a smooth complex projective variety are topologically invariant? D. Kotschick [J. Topol. 1, No. 2, 518–526 (2008; Zbl 1145.57023); Adv. Math. 229, No. 2, 1300–1312 (2012; Zbl 1244.57048)] answered the question and showed that a rational linear combination of Chern numbers is a homeomorphism invariant of smooth complex projective varieties if and only if it is a multiple of the Euler characteristic. Kotschick also asked the following question for smooth projective threefolds: Does $$c_1^3=-K_X^3$$ take only finitely many values on the projective algebraic structures $$X$$ with the same underlying 6-manifold?
Motivated by this question, the authors study the Chern numbers of a smooth projective threefold $$X$$. By Minimal Model Program, there is a birational map $$\phi: X\dashrightarrow Y$$ into a threefold $$Y$$ such that either $$X$$ is not uniruled (A variety of dimension $$n$$ is uniruled if there is a variety $$T$$ of dimension $$n-1$$ and a dominant map $$T\times\mathbb{P}^1\dashrightarrow X$$) and $$Y$$ is minimal (i.e., the canonical divisor $$K_X$$ is nef) or $$X$$ is uniruled and $$Y$$ admits a Mori fiber space structure (i.e., a morphism $$Y\rightarrow Z$$ with connected fibers with relative Picard number equal to one and whose general fiber is a nontrivial Fano variety). Their strategy consists in two steps: first find the upper bound of $$K_Y^3$$ then estimate the bound of $$K_X^3-K_Y^3$$.
By the Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau inequality for terminal threefolds, the authors prove their fist result.
Theorem 1.2. Let $$X$$ be a smooth complex projective threefold which is not uniruled. Then $\mathrm{vol}(X)\leq 6b_2(X)+36b_3(X),$ where $\mathrm{vol}(X)=\lim\sup_{m\rightarrow \infty}\frac{n!h^0(X, mK_X)}{m^n}.$ By combining methods in birational geometry, topology, and arithmetic geometry, the authors prove their main result:
Theorem 1.3. Let $$Y$$ be a $$\mathbb{Q}$$-factorial terminal threefold with associate cubic form $$F_Y$$, and let $$f:Y\rightarrow X$$ be a divisorial contraction to a point or a smooth curve contained in the smoothy locus of $$X$$ (in the last case assume also that $$\Delta_{F_Y}\neq 0$$).
(1) If $$f$$ contracts a divisor to a point, then $|K_Y^3-K_X^3|\leq 2S_W+6(b_3(Y)+1),$ where $$S_Y$$ is a topology invariant defined by $$F_Y$$. Moreover, the same inequality is true after replacing $$b_3(Y)$$ by $$Ib_3(Y)=\dim IH^3(Y, \mathbb{Q})$$.
(2) The cubic form $$F_X$$ is determined up to finite ambiguity by the cubic form $$F_Y$$.
An application of these results is: Let $$X$$ be a smooth complex projective threefold which is not uniruled and let $$F_X$$ be its associate cubic form. Assume that $$\Delta_{F_X}\neq 0$$ and that there exists a birational morphism $$f:X\rightarrow Y$$ onto a minimal projective threefold $$Y$$, which is obtained as a composition of divisorial contractions to points and blow-downs to smooth curves in smooth loci. Then there is a constant $$C$$ depending only on the topology of the 6-manifold underlying $$X$$ such that $|K_X^3|\leq C.$

##### MSC:
 14E30 Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) 14J30 $$3$$-folds
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