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Collective tree spanners in graphs with bounded parameters. (English) Zbl 1223.05247
Summary: In this paper we study collective additive tree spanners for special families of graphs including planar graphs, graphs with bounded genus, graphs with bounded tree-width, graphs with bounded clique-width, and graphs with bounded chordality. We say that a graph $$G=(V,E)$$ admits a system of $$\mu$$ collective additive tree $$r$$-spanners if there is a system $$\mathcal{T}(G)$$ of at most $$\mu$$ spanning trees of $$G$$ such that for any two vertices $$x,y$$ of $$G$$ a spanning tree $$T \in \mathcal{T}(G)$$ exists such that $$d_{T }(x,y) \leq d _{G}(x,y)+r$$.
We describe a general method for constructing a “small” system of collective additive tree $$r$$-spanners with small values of $$r$$ for “well” decomposable graphs, and as a byproduct show (among other results) that any weighted planar graph admits a system of $$O(\sqrt{n})$$ collective additive tree 0-spanners, any weighted graph with tree-width at most $$k-1$$ admits a system of $$k\log_{2}n$$ collective additive tree 0-spanners, any weighted graph with clique-width at most $$k$$ admits a system of $$k\log_{3/2}n$$ collective additive tree $$(2\mathsf{w})$$-spanners, and any weighted graph with size of largest induced cycle at most $$c$$ admits a system of $$\log_{2}n$$ collective additive tree $$(2\lfloor c/2\rfloor\mathsf{w})$$ -spanners and a system of $$4\log_{2}n$$ collective additive tree $$(2(\lfloor c/3\rfloor +1)\mathsf{w})$$-spanners (here, $$\mathsf{w}$$ is the maximum edge weight in $$G$$).
The latter result is refined for weighted weakly chordal graphs: any such graph admits a system of $$4\log_{2}n$$ collective additive tree $$(2\mathsf{w})$$ -spanners. Furthermore, based on this collection of trees, we derive a compact and efficient routing scheme for those families of graphs.

##### MSC:
 05C75 Structural characterization of families of graphs 05C10 Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory 05C12 Distance in graphs 05C70 Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.)
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