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Optimum quantization and its applications. (English) Zbl 1062.94012
This paper deals with the following problem: Let $$M$$ be a $$d$$-dimensional Riemannian manifold, and $$J \subset M$$ a set of positive measure. We search for a finite set $$S \subset M$$ of cardinality $$n$$ so as to minimize $\int_J f \left( \min_{p \in S} d(x, p) \right) w(x) d \omega_M(x) \tag{1}$ where $$f$$ is an increasing function, $$w: J \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+$$ is some weight function, $$d(x,p)$$ is the Riemannian distance between $$x$$ and $$p$$ and $$d\omega_M$$ is the Riemannian volume form on $$M$$.
Under the assumptions that $$\partial J$$ has measure zero, that $$w$$ is continuous and for a wide class of functions $$f$$ (which includes $$f(t) = t^{\alpha}$$ for any $$\alpha > 0$$), the asymptotics of the infimum of (1) over all subsets $$S \subset M$$ of size $$n$$ is calculated, when $$n \rightarrow \infty$$. This infimum is asymptotically equal to $\text{div} \left( \int_J w(x)^{\frac{d}{d+\alpha}} d \omega_M(x) \right)^{\frac{d+\alpha}{d}} f \left( \frac{1}{n^{1/d}} \right)$ where $$\alpha$$ satisfies $$\lim_{t \rightarrow 0^+} f(st) / f(t) = s^{\alpha}$$ for any $$s > 0$$ and div is a constant depending solely on $$f$$ and $$d$$. Related results exist in the literature and are surveyed in the first section of the reviewed paper.
Furthermore, denote by $$S_n$$ a set $$S \subset M$$ of cardinality $$n$$ for which (1) is minimal. Then this paper proves that there exists a number $$\delta > 1$$, independent of $$n$$, such that for every $$n$$, any two points of $$S_n$$ are of distance at least $$\frac{n^{{1/d}}}{\delta}$$ and for any point of $$J$$ there exists a point of $$S_n$$ which is at most $$\delta n^{1/d}$$ far from it. In addition, as $$n \rightarrow \infty$$, the set $$S_n$$ tends, in the appropriate sense, to be uniformly distributed in $$J$$ with density $$w^{\frac{d}{d + \alpha}}$$.
Different interpretations of these results yield applications to numerical integration, information theory and approximation of convex sets by polytopes.

##### MSC:
 94A24 Coding theorems (Shannon theory) 53C20 Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching 94A34 Rate-distortion theory in information and communication theory 65D30 Numerical integration 65D32 Numerical quadrature and cubature formulas 52A27 Approximation by convex sets 52B60 Isoperimetric problems for polytopes
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