# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics

Skin friction and turbulence measurements in a boundary layer with zero-pressure-gradient under the influence of high intensity free-stream turbulence. (English) Zbl 1058.76520
Summary: This experimental investigation deals with the influence of turbulence intensities $$Tu_{\delta}\leqslant 13\%$$ and a ratio of integral length scale $$\Lambda_{11}$$ to boundary layer thickness $$\lambda_{99.5}$$ smaller than two on an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer with zero pressure gradient. The free-stream turbulence was generated by jets injected normal to the flow upstream of the test section. The boundary layer had a Reynolds number range $$1000 \leqslant Re_{\delta_2}\leqslant 2700$$. Skin-friction measurements were performed using oil-film interferometry, Preston tubes and wall hot-wire probes. Mean and fluctuating velocities were measured by hot-wire anemometry, and Reynolds stresses, triple correlations and spectra were evaluated. The free-stream turbulence increases the skin friction by up to 34% and considerably changes both mean and fluctuating velocity distributions in the outer region of the boundary layer.

##### MSC:
 76-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to fluid mechanics 76F40 Turbulent boundary layers
skin friction
Full Text:
##### References:
 [1] Roach, P.E.; Brierly, D.H., The influence of a turbulent freestream on zero pressure gradient transitional boundary layer development including the condition test cases T3A and T3B, () [2] Kalter, M.; Fernholz, H.-H., The reduction and elimination of a closed reverse-flow region by free-stream turbulence, J. fluid mech., 446, 271-308, (2001) · Zbl 1107.76301 [3] Hancock, P.; Bradshaw, P., The effect of free-stream turbulence on turbulent boundary layers, ASME J. fluids engng., 105, 284-289, (1983) [4] Hancock, P.; Bradshaw, P., Turbulence structure of a boundary layer beneath a turbulent free stream, J. fluid mech., 205, 45-76, (1989) [5] Blair, M., Influence of free-stream turbulence on turbulent boundary layer heat transfer and Mean profile, part I - experimental data, ASME J. heat transfer, 105, 33-40, (1983) [6] Blair, M., Influence of free-stream turbulence on turbulent boundary layer heat transfer and Mean profile, part II - analysis of results, ASME J. heat transfer, 105, 41-47, (1983) [7] Thole, K.; Bogard, D., Enhanced heat transfer and shear stress due to high free-stream turbulence, ASME J. turbomachinery, 117, 418-424, (1995) [8] Thole, K.; Bogard, D., High freestream turbulence effects on turbulent boundary layers, ASME J. fluids engng., 118, 276-284, (1996) [9] Thole, K.; Bogard, D.; Whan, J., Generating high freestream turbulence levels, Expts. fluids, 17, 375-380, (1994) [10] Fernholz, H.-H.; Finley, P.J., The incompressible zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer: an assessment of the data, Progr. aerospace sci., 32, 245-311, (1996) [11] Fernholz, H.-H.; Warnack, D., The effects of a favourable pressure gradient and of the Reynolds number on an incompressible axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer. pt. 1. the turbulent boundary layer, J. fluid mech., 359, 329-356, (1998) · Zbl 0922.76020 [12] Patel, V.C., Calibration of the preston tube and limitations on its use in pressure gradients, J. fluid mech., 23, 185-208, (1965) [13] Fernholz, H.-H.; Janke, G.; Schober, M.; Wagner, P.; Warnack, D., New developments and applications of skin-friction measuring techniques, Meas. sci. technol., 7, 1396-1409, (1996) [14] B. Stefes, Turbulente Wandgrenzschichten mit und ohne negativen Druckgradienten unter dem Einfluss hoher Turbulenzintensität der Außenströmung, Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, 2003 [15] Castro, I.P., Effects of free-stream turbulence on low Reynolds number boundary layers, Trans. ASME J. fluids engng., 106, 298-306, (1984) [16] D.E. Coles, The turbulent boundary layer in a compressible fluid, Rand Report R-403-PR, 1962 · Zbl 0125.18102 [17] D.M. Bott, P. Bradshaw, Effect of free-stream turbulence on boundary layer skin friction and heat transfer, AIAA Paper 98-0531, 1998 [18] H.-H. Fernholz, P.J. Finley, A critical commentary on flow data for two-dimensional compressible turbulent boundary layers, AGARD-AG-253, 1980 [19] Österlund, J.M.; Johannsson, A.V., Dynamic behaviour of hot-wire probes in a turbulent boundary layer, () [20] Spalart, P.R., Direct simulation of a turbulent boundary layer up to reθ=1410, J. fluid mech., 187, 61-98, (1988) · Zbl 0641.76050 [21] Karlsson, R.J.; Johansson, T.G., LDV measurements of higher order moments of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer, () [22] Ueda, H.; Hinze, J.O., Fine-structure turbulence in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer, J. fluid mech., 67, 125-143, (1975) [23] Rotta, J.C., Turbulent boundary layers in incompressible flow, Progr. aeronaut. sci., 2, 1-221, (1962) [24] Hinze, J.O., Turbulence, (1975), McGraw-Hill New York [25] V.A. Sandborn, R.D. Marshall, Local isotropy in wind tunnel turbulence, Colorado State Univ. Rep. LER 65 AUS-RDM 71, 1965 [26] Warnack, D.; Fernholz, H.-H., The effects of a favourable pressure gradient and of the Reynolds number on an incompressible axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer. pt. 2. the boundary layer with relaminarization, J. fluid mech., 359, 357-381, (1998) · Zbl 0922.76020
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. It attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming the completeness or perfect precision of the matching.