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Quantum Schubert polynomials. (English) Zbl 0912.14018
{Let $$Fl_n$$ be the manifold of complete flags in the $$n$$-dimensional vector space $$\mathbb C^n$$. Inspired from ideas from string theory, recently the concept of quantum cohomology ring $$QH^*(X,\mathbb Z)$$ of a Kähler algebraic manifold $$X$$ has been defined. Then $QH^*(Fl_n,\mathbb Z)\cong H^*(Fl_n,\mathbb Z) \otimes\mathbb Z[q_1,\dots,q_{n-1}],$ where $$H^*(X,\mathbb Z)$$ is the usual cohomology ring of $$Fl_n$$ and $$q_1,\dots,q_{n-1}$$ are formal variables (deformation parameters). So, the additive structures of the two cohomology rings are essentially the same. The multiplicative structure of $$H^*(X,\mathbb Z)$$ can be recuperated from the multiplicative structure of $$QH^*(X,\mathbb Z)$$ by taking $$q_1=\cdots=q_{n-1}=0$$. The structure constants for the quantum cohomology are the 3-point Gromov-Witten invariants of genus zero. Recently, Givental, Kim and Ciocan-Lafontaine found a canonical isomorphism $QH^*(X,\mathbb Z)\cong\mathbb Z[q_1,\dots,q_{n-1}][x_1,\dots,x_n]/I_n^q,$ where $$x_1,\dots,x_n$$ are variables and $$I_n^q$$ is a certain ideal which can be explicitly described. This isomorphism extends an old isomorphism of Borel for the ordinary cohomology ring. The next problem naturally arising in the theory of quantum cohomology of the flag manifolds is to find an algebraic/combinatorial method for computing the structure constants of quantum multiplication in the basis of Schubert classes (the Gromov-Witten invariants). The aim of the paper under review is to solve this problem completely.}

MSC:
 14M15 Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds 14N10 Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry 05E15 Combinatorial aspects of groups and algebras (MSC2010)
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