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The distribution of wealth and fiscal policy in economies with finitely lived agents. (English) Zbl 1208.91046

Summary: We study the dynamics of the distribution of wealth in an overlapping generation economy with finitely lived agents and intergenerational transmission of wealth. Financial markets are incomplete, exposing agents to both labor and capital income risk. We show that the stationary wealth distribution is a Pareto distribution in the right tail and that it is capital income risk, rather than labor income, that drives the properties of the right tail of the wealth distribution. We also study analytically the dependence of the distribution of wealth – of wealth inequality in particular – on various fiscal policy instruments like capital income taxes and estate taxes, and on different degrees of social mobility. We show that capital income and estate taxes can significantly reduce wealth inequality, as do institutions favoring social mobility. Finally, we calibrate the economy to match the Lorenz curve of the wealth distribution of the U.S. economy.

MSC:

91B15 Welfare economics
91B64 Macroeconomic theory (monetary models, models of taxation)
62P20 Applications of statistics to economics
91B82 Statistical methods; economic indices and measures
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