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Néel and cross-tie wall energies for planar micromagnetic configurations. (English) Zbl 1092.82047

Summary: We study a two-dimensional model for micromagnetics, which consists in an energy functional over \(S^2\)-valued vector fields. Bounded-energy configurations tend to be planar, except in small regions which can be described as vortices (Bloch lines in physics). As the characteristic “exchange-length” tends to 0, they converge to planar divergence-free unit norm vector fields which jump along line singularities. We derive lower bounds for the energy, which are explicit functions of the jumps of the limit. These lower bounds are proved to be optimal and are achieved by one-dimensional profiles, corresponding to Néel walls, if the jump is small enough (less than \(\pi /2\) in angle), and by two-dimensional profiles, corresponding to cross-tie walls, if the jump is bigger. Thus, it provides an example of a vector-valued phase-transition type problem with an explicit non-one-dimensional energy-minimizing transition layer. We also establish other lower bounds and compactness properties on different quantities which provide a good notion of convergence and cost of vortices.

MSC:

82D40 Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials
35J20 Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations
35J60 Nonlinear elliptic equations
35Q60 PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory
82B26 Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics
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References:

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