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Properties of optimizers of the principal eigenvalue with indefinite weight and Robin conditions. (English) Zbl 1366.49004

The authors analyze a free boundary/shape optimization governed by the linear eigenvalue with indefinite weight \[ \Delta \varphi + \lambda m\varphi = 0\;\text{in}\,\Omega,\;\;\partial_n\varphi+\beta \varphi=0\;\text{on}\,\partial\Omega, \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded open and connected set in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) with Lipschitz boundary \(\partial\Omega\) and the weight \(m\) is a bounded measurable function changing sign in \(\Omega\) i.e. \(\Omega_m^+= \{x\in \Omega:\,m(x)>0\}\) has a measure strictly between \(0\) and \(|\Omega|\) and fulfils \(-1\leq m(x)\leq \kappa\;\text{a.e.}\,x\in \Omega,\;\kappa>0.\) The optimization problem has the form \[ \inf_{m\in \mathcal{M}}\lambda(m),\;\mathcal{M}=\left\{m\in L^{\infty}:-1\leq m\leq \kappa,\;|\Omega_m^+|>0,\;\int_\Omega m\geq -m_0|\Omega|\right\}. \] The biological motivation for considering such a problem is formulated.

MSC:

49J15 Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations
49K20 Optimality conditions for problems involving partial differential equations
49Q10 Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces
49R05 Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators
49M05 Numerical methods based on necessary conditions
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